Kowiri tira Pae Porohita Ki te Kounga Pai

Rino (Fe): ko te huānga whakarewa taketake o te kowiri tira;

Ko te Chromium (Cr): ko te huānga hanga ferrite matua, ko te chromium me te hāora ka taea te whakaputa i te kiriata passivation Cr2O3-aukati, ko tetahi o nga mea taketake o te kowiri tira ki te pupuri i te aukati, ko te ihirangi chromium te whakanui ake i te kaha o te hanga kiriata o te maitai, me neke ake i te 12% te nui o te ihirangi chromium kowiri tira;

Wao (C): he kaha austenite hanga huānga, ka taea e tino whakapai ake i te kaha o te maitai, i tua atu ki te waro i runga i te waikura ātete hoki he pānga kino;

Nickel (Ni): Ko te austenite matua hanga huānga, ka taea te whakaroa i te waikura o te maitai me te tipu o te witi i te wa whakawera;

Molybdenum (Mo): Ko te carbide hanga huānga, te carbide hanga he tino pūmau, ka taea te aukati i te tupu witi o austenite ka wera, whakaiti i te tairongo superheat o te maitai, i roto i te tua, ka taea e molybdenum hanga te kiriata passivation ake mātotoru me te totoka, na pai te whakapai ake i te kowiri tira Cl- te waikura;

Niobium, Titanium (Nb, Ti): he carbide kaha te hanga huānga, ka taea te whakapai ake i te atete o te maitai ki te waikura intergranular.Heoi, he kino te paanga o te titanium carbide ki te kounga o te mata o te kowiri tira, na reira ko te kowiri tira me nga whakaritenga mata teitei ka pai ake ma te taapiri i te niobium hei whakapai ake i te mahi.

Nitrogen (N): he huānga hanga austenite kaha, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha o te maitai.Engari he nui ake te paanga o te pakaru o te kowiri tira, no reira ko te kowiri tira i roto i te kuini ka whai ki te whakahaere i te ihirangi hauota.

Phosphorus, whanariki (P, S): he huānga kino i roto i te kowiri tira, ka pa kino te aukati o te waikura me te hiri o te kowiri tira.